Several forming mechanisms have been proposed,[33] including the fission of the Moon from Earth's crust through centrifugal force[34] (which would require too great an initial spin of Earth),[35] the gravitational capture of a pre-formed Moon[36] (which would require an unfeasibly extended atmosphere of Earth to dissipate the energy of the passing Moon),[35] and the co-formation of Earth and the Moon together in the primordial accretion disk (which does not explain the depletion of metals in the Moon).
Later, the physical form of the Moon and the cause of moonlight became understood.

[67] Similar shrinkage features exist on Mercury. Go back to your Apollo data, go back to your computer, do whatever you have to, but make up your mind. [221]

The 7th-century Islamic calendar is an exceptional example of a purely lunar calendar.

On 14 November 2016, it was closer to Earth when at full phase than it has been since 1948, 14% closer than its farthest position in apogee.

Step onto Pluto’s surface and take in the spectacular views of the al-Idrisi mountains and Elliot crater. The Moon's far side has a crust that is 50 km (31 mi) thicker than that of the near side. ≈

", "Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies", "The treaties control space-related activities of States. The Lunar and Planetary Institute's (LPI's) mission is to advance understanding of the solar system by providing exceptional science, service, and inspiration to the world. [92] The lack of an atmosphere, weather and recent geological processes mean that many of these craters are well-preserved. [145] The full Moon's angular diameter is about 0.52° (on average) in the sky, roughly the same apparent size as the Sun (see § Eclipses). In this way, a solar eclipse is an occultation of the Sun. There are estimated to be roughly 300,000 craters wider than 1 km (0.6 mi) on the Moon's near side alone. Because the Moon is comparatively close to Earth, occultations of individual stars are not visible everywhere on the planet, nor at the same time. The United States' NASA Apollo program achieved the only human lunar missions to date, beginning with the first human orbital mission by Apollo 8 in 1968, and six human landings between 1969 and 1972, with the first being Apollo 11 in July 1969. source image: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin [113][114] The data revealed the distinct reflective signatures of water-ice, as opposed to dust and other reflective substances. [108] In 2009, LCROSS sent a 2,300 kg (5,100 lb) impactor into a permanently shadowed polar crater, and detected at least 100 kg (220 lb) of water in a plume of ejected material. Since the Moon doesn't have tectonic plates, its tectonic activity is slow and cracks develop as it loses heat over the years.
[199][200] The Apollo missions 11 to 17 (except Apollo 13, which aborted its planned lunar landing) removed 380.05 kilograms (837.87 lb) of lunar rock and soil in 2,196 separate samples. [227] India has also expressed its hope to send people to the Moon by 2020. the English words measure and menstrual),[263][264][265] and echoing the Moon's importance to many ancient cultures in measuring time (see Latin mensis and Ancient Greek μείς (meis) or μήν (mēn), meaning "month"). The apparent size of the Moon is roughly the same as that of the Sun, with both being viewed at close to one-half a degree wide. Also, as it evolves toward becoming a red giant, the size of the Sun, and its apparent diameter in the sky, are slowly increasing. Estimates are 5 tons of comet particles strike the Moon's surface every 24 hours. [253] In Greco-Roman mythology, the Sun and the Moon are represented as male and female, respectively (Helios/Sol and Selene/Luna);[252] this is a development unique to the eastern Mediterranean[252] and traces of an earlier male moon god in the Greek tradition are preserved in the figure of Menelaus.[252].

The rocket lifted off Sept. 20 carrying the Surveyor 2 lunar lander to the moon.

It is the fifth-largest satellite in the Solar System, and by far[13] the largest among planetary satellites relative to the size of the planet that it orbits.

However, the Sun will become a red giant engulfing the Earth-Moon system long before this occurrence. [91] The lunar geologic timescale is based on the most prominent impact events, including Nectaris, Imbrium, and Orientale, structures characterized by multiple rings of uplifted material, between hundreds and thousands of kilometers in diameter and associated with a broad apron of ejecta deposits that form a regional stratigraphic horizon. Long-lived instrument stations, including heat flow probes, seismometers, and magnetometers, were installed at the Apollo 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17 landing sites. It's moving far too slowly for it to be rock ejected from a cosmic body.

Moon visual data: NASA/GSFC/LRO This concentration is comparable with that of magma in Earth's upper mantle. The study included the possibility of conducting a lunar-based nuclear test. [56][57] This structure is thought to have developed through the fractional crystallization of a global magma ocean shortly after the Moon's formation 4.5 billion years ago. [161] As a result, the timing of the tides at most points on the Earth is a product of observations that are explained, incidentally, by theory.

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