We will study the features at both decadal and interannual time scales (i.e., occurrence and evolution) for decadal megadroughts in eastern China in response to strong volcanic eruptions, and the associated mechanisms. This speculation, however, remains to be further studied in the future.This research was jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant 2016YFA0600401), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41971021, 41971108, 41671197, and 41631175), Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant XDB40000000), and Open Funds of State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS (SKLLQG1820, SKLLQG1930). There are two main types of volcano - composite and shield. S5), we can see that there are negative SSTA globally with larger anomalies over the northwestern Pacific and eastern tropical Pacific during the years of eruptions (Fig. Our white fabric material is superior to vinyl decals. Our wall graphics apply in minutes and won't damage your paint or leave any mess. Almost all residents had left the island in the previous days, in response to several large earthquakes that warned them that an eruption was imminent. 1914 eruption Composite volcanoes also produce lahars. The open circles indicate the anomalies are significant at the 95% level from 0 based on Student’s.Monsoon precipitation responses to volcanic eruptions and the underlying mechanism have been studied through comparisons between proxy data and model simulations in previous studies (e.g.,One potential reason for these discrepancies is that the hydroclimate system itself has a high degree of internal variability in both space and time, so that the hydroclimate response to volcanic forcing is much more spatially heterogeneous (,On decadal scales, responses of megadroughts to volcanic eruptions in our results are consistent with previous findings of a negative PDO-like pattern after strong volcanic eruptions (.The CTRL and five VOLC experiments from the CESM-LME archive were used to examine the influences and mechanisms of volcanic eruptions on decadal megadroughts over eastern China.
The CESM-LME data were generated by the CESM Paleoclimate Working Group at NCAR and CESM1(CAM5) Last Millennium Ensemble Community Project, and supercomputing resources are provided by NSF/CISL/Yellowstone. A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a tall, conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash. Most of these "bombs" don't explode, but their mass and velocity cause destruction comparable to that from an explosion. In (c), the megadrought frequencies based on precipitation and PDSI in CTRL are shown as a vertical green solid line (18) and vertical orange solid line (14), and the megadrought frequencies based on precipitation and PDSI in VOLC are shown as vertical red dashed lines (12–17) and vertical blue dashed lines (11–14).Detailed analyses on how volcanic eruptions influence the decadal megadrought frequency and evolution will be presented in,The composites of SSTA associated with the decadal megadroughts in the CTRL experiment (,Composites of simulated ensemble-averaged (a),(d) SSTA (°C), (b),(e) SLP anomalies (hPa), and (c),(f) wind field anomalies at 700 hPa (m s,The composite of SLP anomalies relevant to the SSTA patterns show negative anomalies over the western tropical Pacific and northeastern Asia and positive anomalies over eastern China (,These EOF patterns are significantly correlated with the time series of precipitation anomalies over eastern China after 11-yr running averaging in both the CTRL experiment and VOLC_1 experiment (,(a),(b) The time series of the simulated standardized precipitation (blue lines), PCs from EOF analyses (brown lines), and volcanic sulfate aerosol (red lines; Tg) with decadal megadroughts highlighted in gray, and (c),(d) the composites of standardized precipitation (blue lines) and EOF PCs (brown lines) during the megadrought events, from the (top) CTRL and (bottom) VOLC_1 experiments. Sakurajima is located in the Aira caldera, formed in an enormous eruption 22,000 years ago. They account for 60 percent of the Earth's volcanism. A composite volcano is formed over hundreds of thousands of years through multiple eruptions.
The decadal megadroughts associated with the failures of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) are associated with a meridional tripole of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the western Pacific from the equator to high latitudes, suggestive of a decadal-scale internal mode of variability that emerges from empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. While many eruptions only pose dangers to the immediately surrounding area, Earth's largest eruptions can have a major regional or even global impact, with some affecting the climate and contributing to mass extinctions. one in which the cone is made up of alternating layers of lavas and ashes. Sakurajima is a composite mountain.

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